Types of Vessel Fenders

A vessel fender is a type of protective device used in maritime operations to absorb the impact energy when ships dock or come into contact with piers, docks, other vessels, or offshore structures. The primary function of a vessel fender is to prevent damage to both the ship and the docking infrastructure by providing a cushioning effect during the docking or mooring process.

Types of Vessel Fenders:

1. Pneumatic Fenders:
   • These are air-filled fenders that absorb impact energy through compression of the air inside the fender. Pneumatic fenders are particularly useful for large vessels, such as oil tankers and container ships. They offer high energy absorption with low reaction forces, which makes them ideal for busy docks or terminals.
2. Elastomeric Fenders:
   • Made from durable rubber compounds, elastomeric fenders are often used for smaller vessels or in situations where high durability and performance are required. They come in various shapes, such as cylindrical, conical, or D-shaped, and are effective for both small and medium-sized vessels.
3. Foam Fenders:
   • Foam fenders are filled with a closed-cell foam core that provides buoyancy and impact resistance. These fenders are often used in shallow or confined waters and are lighter than pneumatic fenders, making them easier to handle and install.
4. Chain-Tyre Pneumatic Fenders:
   • As described earlier, these fenders combine pneumatic (air-filled) technology with reinforced chains and tyres. They provide enhanced durability and shock absorption, making them suitable for high-impact areas, such as oil terminals and commercial ports.
5. Arch Fenders:
   • Arch fenders are typically used in areas with high tidal variation. These fenders have an arched shape, providing protection against both horizontal and vertical impacts. They are particularly effective at ports where vessels dock at various angles.
6. Docking or Rubber Fender Systems:
   • These are flexible, rubber-based systems designed for use at docks, piers, and wharves. They come in various designs, including D-shaped, cone-shaped, and square profiles, and are used for both vessels and docking structures.