Classification of Marine Fenders——Based on Design and Structure

1.1 Pneumatic Fenders (Air Fenders)

• Description: Cylindrical or spherical fenders made of reinforced rubber and filled with compressed air.
• Types:
• Yokohama-Type Fenders: The most common type, featuring a cylindrical shape with rounded ends.
• Cell-Type Fenders: Smaller, doughnut-shaped fenders used for light-duty applications.
• Applications: Ship-to-ship transfer, offshore mooring, and berthing of large vessels.
• Advantages: High energy absorption, lightweight, and easy to handle.

1.2 Foam-Filled Fenders

• Description: Fenders filled with closed-cell foam instead of air, providing buoyancy and energy absorption.
• Applications: Permanent mooring, small boats, and floating structures.
• Advantages: No risk of deflation, low maintenance, and durable.

1.3 Solid Rubber Fenders

• Description: Made entirely of solid rubber, often with a robust outer layer and energy-absorbing core.
• Types:
• Cylindrical Fenders: Simple cylindrical shapes for general-purpose use.
• D-Type Fenders: Flat on one side and rounded on the other, ideal for dock walls.
• Square Fenders: Rectangular shape for specific applications.
• Applications: Ports, docks, and berthing structures.
• Advantages: High durability, resistant to abrasion, and low maintenance.

1.4 Cone Fenders

• Description: Cone-shaped fenders with a wide base and tapered top, often used in combination with other fender types.
• Applications: Tugboats, ferries, and small vessels.
• Advantages: Excellent for low-energy impacts and easy to install.

1.5 Arch Fenders

• Description: Arch-shaped fenders with a curved design, providing a larger contact area.
• Applications: Berthing of small to medium-sized vessels.
• Advantages: High energy absorption and uniform load distribution.